The characteristics of the needs of dogs and cats for mineral nutrition
Mineral elements are one of the important nutrients required for the normal development and metabolism of the dog and cat body, the dog and cat iron deficiency will cause anemia, calcium deficiency is prone to fracture and double row of teeth and other symptoms, in addition, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, selenium and other minerals are also important for the normal development of the dog and cat body, today take you to understand the dog and cat on different mineral nutrition requirements characteristics, Help you to further scientific pet.
1. Calcium and phosphorus
Dogs and cats, such as 99% of the body of calcium substances are present in the bones, the remaining small amount of calcium substances are used in the blood and intracellular fluid, therefore, calcium has an important role in the composition and development of the skeletal system of dogs and cats, nerve excitation regulation and body fluid balance.
Phosphorus is also one of the important components of bones, about 80% of the phosphorus in the body of dogs and cats are used to form bones and teeth, in energy metabolism, phosphorus is also an important component of ADP and ATP, which plays a very important role in energy storage and transfer.
Because excessive phosphorus can lead to a decrease in blood calcium content, resulting in lameness or long bone fractures in dogs and cats, it is very important to maintain the calcium and phosphorus ratio in dogs and cats, and the recommended ratio is 1:1-2:1.
According to AAFCO, the calcium content of juvenile and breeding dog food should be more than 1.2%, and the minimum and maximum calcium content of adult dog food should be 0.5% and 2.5%. The minimum calcium content is 1% for young and breeding cats and 0.6% for adult cats.
The phosphorus content of juvenile and breeding dog food should reach more than 1%, adult dog food should reach 0.4%, and the maximum value is 1.6%. The minimum phosphorus content for juvenile and breeding cats is 0.8%, and 0.5% for adult cats.
Characteristics of mineral nutrient requirements in dogs
2. Magnesium
In dogs and cats, 60%-70% of magnesium is distributed in bones and teeth, and the remaining part of magnesium is mostly found in soft tissues such as cells, which can be combined with proteins to form complexes.
Magnesium is the activator of a variety of enzymes in animals, and can also cooperate with calcium, potassium ions, etc., to maintain muscle and nerve excitement, and balance the physiological function of myocardium.
Magnesium deficiency rarely occurs in dogs and cats, and some dogs and cats may have symptoms such as slow development, muscle weakness, finger enlargement, paw extension, and acromegaly of long bones in the case of a single diet or chronic diarrhea. In addition, it may also cause hypersensitivity, muscle twitching when walking, ears pricking, head and neck lifting and other neurological symptoms.
Magnesium overdose can cause urinary syndrome, easy to cause dogs and cats urolithic urinary obstruction, in addition to magnesium poisoning can cause diarrhea, reduced feed intake, vomiting, slow growth, lethargy and other symptoms.
According to the nutritional standard of pet food, the minimum value of magnesium in dog food is 0.06%. The minimum value of magnesium in juvenile and breeding cat food is 0.08%, and the minimum value of magnesium in adult cat food is 0.04%. Therefore, pet owners need to pay attention to regularly replace pet food with different ingredients for dogs and cats, and if dogs and cats have gastrointestinal diseases, they should be actively treated.
Characteristics of mineral nutrition requirements in dogs and cats
3. Iron
All the cells in the body of dogs and cats contain iron, about 65% of iron exists in hemoglobin, 4% in myoglobin, and the rest mainly exists in some enzyme systems, as well as ferritin, ferritin and other substances.
Iron deficiency in dogs and cats is still relatively common, mainly because the demand for iron in dogs and cats is relatively large, and the supply is insufficient, especially the young dogs and cats are prone to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency in dogs and cats can mainly cause anemia, and the clinical symptoms are listlessness, fatigue, decreased exercise endurance, loss of appetite, growth stagnation of puppies and kittens, and weak resistance.
The minimum iron content in juvenile dog food and breeding dog food was 88mg/kg, and the minimum iron content in adult dog food was 40mg/kg. The minimum iron content of cat food is 80mg/kg.
4. Zinc
Zinc is a component of many metalloenzymes and an activator of enzymes, which plays an important role in reproductive function and immune system of dogs and cats. Zinc deficiency in dogs and cats can lead to slow growth, decreased appetite, diarrhea, wasting, impaired reproductive function, immune dysfunction and other effects. At the same time, dogs and cats will also have skin lesions, mainly manifested as hair loss, skin insufficiency, pigmentation, local thick scab and other symptoms.
The minimum value of cat food is 75mg/kg.
Characteristics of mineral nutrient requirements of cats
5. Iodine
Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and a lack of iodine can lead to goiter in dogs and cats, which can cause symptoms such as ventral bulge, difficulty swallowing, and abnormal voices. Long-term lack of iodine can lead to the development of dogs and cats mental lethargy, slow response, lethargy, skin hard thick desquamation and other symptoms.
Iodine deficiency in dogs and cats is usually rare, but special attention should be paid to the problem of excessive iodine, long-term intake of excessive iodine can lead to vomiting, muscle cramps, temperature drop, anorexia, wasting and other symptoms of iodine poisoning in dogs and cats.
The iodine content of dog food needs to be controlled between 1 and 11mg/kg, the iodine content of juvenile and breeding cat food needs to be controlled between 1.8 and 9mg/kg, and the iodine content of adult cat food needs to be controlled between 0.6 and 6mg/kg.
6. Selenium
Selenium is a component of glutathione peroxidase, which has the function of anti-oxidation and protecting the integrity of cell membrane. At the same time, it can promote the formation of antibodies in the body of dogs and cats, reduce the toxicity of toxicants, and enhance the resistance of dogs and cats.
The lack of selenium in dogs and cats can lead to muscular dystrophy, which mainly occurs in skeletal muscle, myocardium and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, etc., so the disease is mainly manifested as lameness, reluctance to exercise, or rapid heart rate, weak pulse, digestive dysfunction, growth arrest and other symptoms.
The selenium content of dog food needs to be controlled between 0.03-2mg/kg, and the selenium content of cat food needs to be determined to have more than 0.3mg/kg.
Selenium and vitamin E have complementary effects, so adding an appropriate amount of selenium to dogs and cats can reduce the body's demand for vitamin E, and conversely, adding an appropriate amount of vitamin E can also reduce the body's demand for selenium.
In the scientific breeding process of dogs and cats, pets mainly pay attention to regularly changing pet food of different formulations and different origins for dogs and cats to avoid diseases caused by long-term feeding pet food produced from areas lacking certain mineral elements.
1. Calcium and phosphorus
Dogs and cats, such as 99% of the body of calcium substances are present in the bones, the remaining small amount of calcium substances are used in the blood and intracellular fluid, therefore, calcium has an important role in the composition and development of the skeletal system of dogs and cats, nerve excitation regulation and body fluid balance.
Phosphorus is also one of the important components of bones, about 80% of the phosphorus in the body of dogs and cats are used to form bones and teeth, in energy metabolism, phosphorus is also an important component of ADP and ATP, which plays a very important role in energy storage and transfer.
Because excessive phosphorus can lead to a decrease in blood calcium content, resulting in lameness or long bone fractures in dogs and cats, it is very important to maintain the calcium and phosphorus ratio in dogs and cats, and the recommended ratio is 1:1-2:1.
According to AAFCO, the calcium content of juvenile and breeding dog food should be more than 1.2%, and the minimum and maximum calcium content of adult dog food should be 0.5% and 2.5%. The minimum calcium content is 1% for young and breeding cats and 0.6% for adult cats.
The phosphorus content of juvenile and breeding dog food should reach more than 1%, adult dog food should reach 0.4%, and the maximum value is 1.6%. The minimum phosphorus content for juvenile and breeding cats is 0.8%, and 0.5% for adult cats.
Characteristics of mineral nutrient requirements in dogs
2. Magnesium
In dogs and cats, 60%-70% of magnesium is distributed in bones and teeth, and the remaining part of magnesium is mostly found in soft tissues such as cells, which can be combined with proteins to form complexes.
Magnesium is the activator of a variety of enzymes in animals, and can also cooperate with calcium, potassium ions, etc., to maintain muscle and nerve excitement, and balance the physiological function of myocardium.
Magnesium deficiency rarely occurs in dogs and cats, and some dogs and cats may have symptoms such as slow development, muscle weakness, finger enlargement, paw extension, and acromegaly of long bones in the case of a single diet or chronic diarrhea. In addition, it may also cause hypersensitivity, muscle twitching when walking, ears pricking, head and neck lifting and other neurological symptoms.
Magnesium overdose can cause urinary syndrome, easy to cause dogs and cats urolithic urinary obstruction, in addition to magnesium poisoning can cause diarrhea, reduced feed intake, vomiting, slow growth, lethargy and other symptoms.
According to the nutritional standard of pet food, the minimum value of magnesium in dog food is 0.06%. The minimum value of magnesium in juvenile and breeding cat food is 0.08%, and the minimum value of magnesium in adult cat food is 0.04%. Therefore, pet owners need to pay attention to regularly replace pet food with different ingredients for dogs and cats, and if dogs and cats have gastrointestinal diseases, they should be actively treated.
Characteristics of mineral nutrition requirements in dogs and cats
3. Iron
All the cells in the body of dogs and cats contain iron, about 65% of iron exists in hemoglobin, 4% in myoglobin, and the rest mainly exists in some enzyme systems, as well as ferritin, ferritin and other substances.
Iron deficiency in dogs and cats is still relatively common, mainly because the demand for iron in dogs and cats is relatively large, and the supply is insufficient, especially the young dogs and cats are prone to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency in dogs and cats can mainly cause anemia, and the clinical symptoms are listlessness, fatigue, decreased exercise endurance, loss of appetite, growth stagnation of puppies and kittens, and weak resistance.
The minimum iron content in juvenile dog food and breeding dog food was 88mg/kg, and the minimum iron content in adult dog food was 40mg/kg. The minimum iron content of cat food is 80mg/kg.
4. Zinc
Zinc is a component of many metalloenzymes and an activator of enzymes, which plays an important role in reproductive function and immune system of dogs and cats. Zinc deficiency in dogs and cats can lead to slow growth, decreased appetite, diarrhea, wasting, impaired reproductive function, immune dysfunction and other effects. At the same time, dogs and cats will also have skin lesions, mainly manifested as hair loss, skin insufficiency, pigmentation, local thick scab and other symptoms.
The minimum value of cat food is 75mg/kg.
Characteristics of mineral nutrient requirements of cats
5. Iodine
Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and a lack of iodine can lead to goiter in dogs and cats, which can cause symptoms such as ventral bulge, difficulty swallowing, and abnormal voices. Long-term lack of iodine can lead to the development of dogs and cats mental lethargy, slow response, lethargy, skin hard thick desquamation and other symptoms.
Iodine deficiency in dogs and cats is usually rare, but special attention should be paid to the problem of excessive iodine, long-term intake of excessive iodine can lead to vomiting, muscle cramps, temperature drop, anorexia, wasting and other symptoms of iodine poisoning in dogs and cats.
The iodine content of dog food needs to be controlled between 1 and 11mg/kg, the iodine content of juvenile and breeding cat food needs to be controlled between 1.8 and 9mg/kg, and the iodine content of adult cat food needs to be controlled between 0.6 and 6mg/kg.
6. Selenium
Selenium is a component of glutathione peroxidase, which has the function of anti-oxidation and protecting the integrity of cell membrane. At the same time, it can promote the formation of antibodies in the body of dogs and cats, reduce the toxicity of toxicants, and enhance the resistance of dogs and cats.
The lack of selenium in dogs and cats can lead to muscular dystrophy, which mainly occurs in skeletal muscle, myocardium and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, etc., so the disease is mainly manifested as lameness, reluctance to exercise, or rapid heart rate, weak pulse, digestive dysfunction, growth arrest and other symptoms.
The selenium content of dog food needs to be controlled between 0.03-2mg/kg, and the selenium content of cat food needs to be determined to have more than 0.3mg/kg.
Selenium and vitamin E have complementary effects, so adding an appropriate amount of selenium to dogs and cats can reduce the body's demand for vitamin E, and conversely, adding an appropriate amount of vitamin E can also reduce the body's demand for selenium.
In the scientific breeding process of dogs and cats, pets mainly pay attention to regularly changing pet food of different formulations and different origins for dogs and cats to avoid diseases caused by long-term feeding pet food produced from areas lacking certain mineral elements.